Criminal Defense- View allLast updated: 2026-03-13

Juvenile Criminal Proceedings in Japan: Family Court and Dispositions

Key Takeaways

  • All juvenile cases are referred to the family court
  • Dispositions focus on educational measures like probation or reform school
  • Specified juveniles aged 18-19 may face near-adult treatment
  • Serious offenses can be transferred back to criminal courts for adult trial

All juvenile cases go to family court (Juvenile Act Art. 41-42). Hearings are private (Art. 22). Dispositions include probation (Art. 24(1)(i)), reformatory school (Art. 24(1)(iii)), or reverse transfer to prosecutors for serious crimes (Art. 20). The 2022 reform created "specified juveniles" (18-19): expanded reverse transfer for serious crimes and allowed name disclosure upon prosecution (Art. 68). Criminal responsibility starts at age 14 (Criminal Code Art. 41).

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This article provides general legal information and does not constitute legal advice. For specific legal issues, please consult with a qualified attorney.

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