Internet Issues- View allLast updated: 2026-03-302 min read

Cookie Regulations and Consent Management in Japan: Telecom Business Act and APPI

Key Takeaways

  • June 2023 Telecom Business Act amendment introduced "external transmission" rules for cookies
  • APPI "personally-related information" rules restrict third-party provision of Cookie IDs
  • Consent banners (CMP) and opt-out mechanisms must be properly implemented
  • Violations of the Telecom Business Act may result in administrative orders or fines up to ¥1 million
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Two laws primarily govern cookie use in Japan:

LawKey RuleEffective Date
Telecom Business Act (amended)External transmission rules for user informationJune 16, 2023
APPIPersonally-related information third-party provision rulesApril 1, 2022

Telecom Business Act: External Transmission Rules

Who is covered: Operators of digital services (websites, apps) that transmit user device information (cookies, local storage) to third parties via tracking tags (Google Analytics, Meta Pixel, ad tags, etc.).

Obligations — operators must do at least one of: 1. Notify/publish: Disclose what information is sent, to whom, and for what purpose on the website 2. Obtain consent: Get user consent instead of notification 3. Provide opt-out: Allow users to stop external transmission

Practical approach: Publication in the Privacy Policy (with specific disclosure of each tracking tool) is the standard approach.

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APPI: Personally-Related Information Rules

Cookie IDs, IP addresses, and browsing histories qualify as personally-related information (Article 26-2). Providing such information to a third party that will link it to personal data requires prior individual consent (Article 31).

This primarily affects retargeting advertising — publishers must confirm whether ad networks will link cookie data to personal records, and obtain consent if so.

  • For notification-only approach: Display a banner linking to the Privacy Policy
  • For consent-based approach: Implement accept/reject buttons, defaulting to off
  • For GDPR compliance (EU users): Use a CMP platform (OneTrust, Cookiebot, etc.) that meets GDPR consent requirements

Summary

Japanese cookie compliance requires addressing both the Telecom Business Act external transmission rules and the APPI personally-related information provisions. At minimum, update your Privacy Policy with specific disclosures for each tracking tool; for EU-facing services, implement a full CMP solution.

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This article provides general legal information and does not constitute legal advice. For specific legal issues, please consult with a qualified attorney.

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