Condo Repair Reserve Fund Disputes in Japan: Increases and Shortfalls

Condo repair reserve fund management falls under Japan's Act on Building Unit Ownership. Reserve fund amount changes require a 3/4 supermajority as a management rule amendment (Art. 31(1)). Shortfalls may require lump-sum assessments (typically ordinary majority vote). Unit owners have voting rights proportional to their share (Art. 38). Resolution defects can be challenged via invalidity confirmation suit or cancellation suit (within 3 months). Management disputes can be resolved through condo management specialists (national qualification), ADR centers, or litigation. Common issues: underpriced initial reserves, rising construction costs, and delinquent owners.